Genomes are referred as the “operating system” of living cells and organisms which is crucial for coordination of gene expression and regulation. In order to identify the conservation of nucleotides, genes and gene arrays multiple genomes were compared. Sequences or genes that resist changes carry out important biological functions which have been referred to as ‘domains’ or ‘blocks’. Domains are organizing principles of chromosome structure in nature and were found to be highly conserved across many species. Even without the functional constraints, genomes retain most of the structural features known as conserved synteny blocks. Over the course of evolution, certain genes proliferate and expand in numbers, which relates with functional innovation and increasing organismal complexity. The ability to generalize and predict the evolutionary outcomes of how genomes behave when they duplicate themselves or multiple genomes merge into one is known as “genome dominance” effect. The integration of high throughput data and adoption of genomic tools will continue to reveal interesting patterns, provide predictive models for evolutionary biologists and geneticists and lay foundation for the future engineering of synthetic genomes.
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